Gestational Diabetes Symptoms
At Diabetic Drug Store you will find healthy diabetic food, hard to
find sugar free candy, and medical alert jewelry for diabetes care. An
assortment of sugar free cookies, sugar free cakes, sugar free chocolates
- everything for the diabetic diet plan - even information about gestational
diabetes symptoms.
We have all the diabetic food and diabetic dessert recipe ingredients
for the delicious sugar free dessert in one place for easy shopping! Diabetic
Drug Store also offers discount diabetic supplies and diabetes testing
supply aids for daily Gestational Diabetes living. Order your digital
blood pressure monitor and blood glucose monitor today. We carry a large
assortment of diabetes foot care products, juvenile diabetes products
and diabetic supplies in stock and ready for your shipment today! Order
a friend or family member a sugar free dessert gift basket. Remember Diabetic
Drug Store for all your Gestational Diabetes needs.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus complicates between 1% and 14% of pregnancies
in the United States, depending on the screening method and diagnostic
criteria used and the population tested. Most studies report prevalence
rates of 2%-5%. Prevalence is higher in population groups with higher
risk of NIDDM, i.e., blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans. Perinatal
mortality rates in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnancies are proportional
to the level of maternal hyperglycemia. However, most studies in the past
15 years find no increase in the perinatal mortality rate in pregnancies
that included treatment for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The major morbidity
in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is macrosomia, and this is also related
to the degree of metabolic control. Maternal hyperglycemia appears to
be a risk factor for both obesity and development of NIDDM in the offspring.
For the mother, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a strong risk factor
for her own subsequent development of NIDDM.
PREGNANCY IN PREEXISTING DIABETES
Two major forms of maternal diabetes occur during pregnancy, preexisting
diabetes and gestational-onset diabetes. The former constitutes ~10% of
maternal diabetes, and prevalence rates for preexisting diabetes are in
the range of 0.1%-0.3% of all pregnancies. Preterm delivery occurs in
~25% of IDDM pregnancies and cesarean delivery in ~24%-66%; these rates
are three to five times higher than rates in the general population. In
the absence of special preconceptional diabetes management, spontaneous
abortions occur in 7%-17% of pregnancies with preexisting diabetes and
major malformations occur in 7%-13%. Rates of these complications are
highest in women with marked hyperglycemia during the first trimester,
but are lower when maternal blood glucose is controlled prior to and during
early pregnancy. Macrosomia is the most frequent fetal complication, affecting
10%-33% of infants depending on the definition used for macrosomia. Stillbirths
are uncommon in diabetic pregnancies; congenital malformations and complications
of maternal hypertensive disorders account for most of the 1.5- to twofold
higher perinatal mortality, compared with nondiabetic pregnancies. The
perinatal mortality rate in diabetic pregnancies is ~30-50 per 1,000 births.
Maternal risks in diabetic pregnancies are greatest in the presence of
retinopathy and nephropathy. Diabetic retinopathy is present in 15%-66%
of women with IDDM early in pregnancy, and the retinopathy frequently
worsens during gestation. Overt diabetic nephropathy is present before
pregnancy in ~5%-10% of IDDM women; many of these manifest hypertensive
disorders during pregnancy. Nephropathy increases the prevalence of intrauterine
growth retardation, prematurity, fetal morbidity, and fetal mortality.
Maternal mortality during diabetic pregnancy is ~3-7 per 100,000, which
is similar to the rate in nondiabetic pregnancies.
Dr. Maureen I. Harris is Director, National Diabetes Data Group, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD. |
